US Federal Income Tax Calculator 2025

For 2025, the federal rates are 10%, 12%, 22%, 24%, 32%, 35% and 37%. The dollar thresholds differ by filing status and are indexed for inflation each year. Your income is taxed in slices, so only the portion within each band is taxed at that rate.

For 2025, the standard deduction is $15,000 for single filers, $30,000 for married couples filing jointly, and $22,500 for heads of household. Most taxpayers claim the standard deduction rather than itemising, which reduces the income subject to tax.

Your marginal rate is the tax on your next dollar of income, set by your top bracket. Your effective rate is your total tax divided by your total income, which is always lower because earlier income is taxed at lower rates. This calculator shows both.

No. This tool estimates federal income tax only. State income tax varies widely, from zero in states like Florida and Texas to over 13% in California. Your total tax bill combines federal, state and payroll taxes.

You start with gross income, subtract the standard or itemised deduction to reach taxable income, then apply the bracket rates in slices. Credits, such as the Child Tax Credit, are then subtracted from the tax itself. This calculator models the core bracket calculation.

Yes. The US taxes citizens on worldwide income regardless of where they live. However, the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and the Foreign Tax Credit usually reduce or eliminate the tax for expats. Americans abroad should use our dedicated expat calculator for a more accurate estimate.

This calculator estimates tax on ordinary income such as wages and self-employment profit. It does not separately model long-term capital gains and qualified dividends, which are taxed at preferential rates, nor payroll taxes such as Social Security and Medicare.

Taxable income is your total income minus adjustments and your deduction. It is the figure to which the bracket rates apply. Because the standard deduction shields the first several thousand dollars, your taxable income is always lower than your gross income.

A deduction reduces the income that is taxed, so its value depends on your bracket. A credit reduces your tax bill directly, dollar for dollar, and is therefore usually more valuable. Common credits include the Child Tax Credit and education credits.

The 2025 federal return is generally due 15 April 2026. Americans living abroad receive an automatic extension to 15 June, and anyone can request a further extension to 15 October. Any tax owed still accrues interest from the April deadline.

No. This calculator covers federal income tax only. Employees also pay 6.2% Social Security tax up to an annual wage cap and 1.45% Medicare tax, with an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax on higher earnings. These are separate from income tax.

It provides a reliable estimate of federal income tax on ordinary income using the 2025 brackets and standard deduction. It does not model state tax, capital gains rates, the alternative minimum tax, or specific credits. For a precise figure, professional preparation is recommended.

Yes. Contributions to 401(k) and IRA accounts, health savings accounts, and itemised deductions can all reduce taxable income, while credits reduce tax directly. For higher earners and business owners, structured planning often produces substantial savings.

For straightforward situations, a calculator may be enough. However, higher earners, business owners, investors and Americans abroad usually benefit from professional advice, which typically identifies savings that outweigh the cost and ensures full compliance.